Antioxidants and their extremely important role in human health
When a lot of free radicals are generated, health will face many serious diseases. Therefore, the body needs to supplement it with antioxidants to prevent disease, resist aging. as well as enhance resistance. Let's find out in detail about the very important role of antioxidants in human health through the scientific information below!
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Antioxidants are substances that prevent or delay the oxidation of other compounds. Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. The primary function of dietary antioxidants is to prevent the oxidation of cholesterol and other fats in the body. However, antioxidants have also been shown to have other functions in the body, such as preventing the oxidation of proteins, preventing radiation-induced cell death, and preventing the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates in the body.
History of antioxidants:
The term "antioxidant" was originally used to refer specifically to chemicals. that can inhibit oxygen consumption Early research on the role of Chemical substances in biology focused on their use in preventing episodes of trans fats responsible for odor. Antioxidant activity can be measured by simply placing fat in a closed container with oxygen. and monitoring the rate at which oxygen is used.
However, it was later identified vitamins C and E as antioxidants which led to the study of the importance of antioxidants in the biochemistry of living organisms. The mechanisms of action were first discovered when it was recognized as a substance.. with Chemical substance activity. Research on how provitamin prevents lipid peroxidation has led to the identification of antioxidants. as reducing agents that inhibit oxidative reactions, often by removing Ros before they can damage cells.
Antioxidant system:
Antioxidants act as free radical scavengers, hydrogen donors, electron donors, and peroxide analyzers. single oxygen reducer, inhibitor enzyme, synergist, and mineralizer. Both Chemical substances and enzyme-nonenzymes are both present in the intracellular. and extracellular environments for ROS detoxification.
Mechanism of action of antioxidants:
Two principles of the mechanism of action of antioxidants have been proposed. The first is the chain destruction mechanism through. which the primary Chemical substances donate an electron to the free radicals present in the systems.
The second mechanism involves the removal of ROS / nitrogen catalysts (secondary antioxidants) by quenching the catalyst of the catalyst chain.
Antioxidants can act on biological systems through various mechanisms including electron donation, ionization of metals, and antioxidants.
Antioxidant effect:
Chemical substances work in defense systems that work at different levels such as prevention. radical scavenging, repair, and the fourth line of defense, which is adaptation.
The first line of defense :
is a protective Chemical substance that prevents the formation of free radicals. Although the exact mechanism and location of the basal formation in vivo have not been clarified, the decomposition of minerals causing hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide should be one of important sources.
To prevent such reactions, some antioxidants reduce hydroperoxides. and hydrogen peroxide, before alcohol and water, respectively. without generating free radicals, and some protein and metal ions continue.
Glutathione peroxidizes and glutathione-S-transferase, phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase(PHGPX). and peroxidase is known to decompose lipid hydro peroxidase the corresponding alcohol. PHGPX is unique in that it can reduce phospholipid hydroperoxidatesbuilt into biological materials. Glutathione peroxidizes and reduces catalase, and hydrogen peroxide, in water.
The second line of defense
is an antioxidant that cleans free radicals to prevent Chain initiation or disrupt chain diffusion reactions. Many different Chemical substances for free radicals are known: some are hydrophilic, and others are lipophilic. Vitamin C, acidpolyureas, bilirubin, albumin. and thiol is a radical hydrophilic Chemical substance. Whereas, the vitamin is ubiquinol. a lipophilic radical antioxidant. Vitamin EIS is known as the most powerful antioxidant that contains radical antioxidants.
The third line of defense
is repair and antioxidant de novo. Enzymeprotein, proteins, proteases, and peptides present in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of mammalian cells, recognize. decompose and remove protein oxidants and prevent the accumulation of protein oxidants.
DNA repair systems also play an important role in the complete defense against oxidative damage. Types of enzymes, many glycosylate and nucleases are known. which serves to repair DNA damage.
There is another important function called adaptation, in which the signal to the production and response of free radicals leads to the formation of appropriate Chemical substances and their transfer to the right site.
Plant sources of antioxidants:
Synthetic and natural dietary antioxidants are often used in foods and medicines. especially those containing oils and fats to protect foods from oxidation. These compounds have been widely used as Chemical substances in the food, cosmetic and therapeutic industries.
Due to the risk factors leading to various fatal diseases, there has been a global trend toward the use of substances naturally present in medicinal plants and dietary forms. such as Chemical substances and oxidative therapy. The use of natural Chemical substances in the food. cosmetic and therapeutic industries will represent a promising alternative to low-cost. diet-compatible synthetic antioxidants. It is drinkable and has no harmful effects on the human body.
a summary:
The human body hosts trillions of cells, all of which need to work for us to stay healthy and happy. All cells work through a process called metabolism, which is a series of reactions that convert nutrients into energy and help keep us alive. Metabolism is a complex system, and it can sometimes go wrong, causing cell death or dysfunction. This is where antioxidants come in.
Antioxidants are substances that prevent or delay the oxidation process in the body. They help protect our cells from damage caused by free radicals-"rogue" oxygen molecules that are a by-product of the body's natural metabolism. When we are healthy, our bodies produce enough antioxidants to deal with the free radicals we produce; but as we age, the natural antioxidant defense system becomes less effective, so we need to get antioxidants from our diet.