Atopic dermatitis symptoms in children, treatment, and Prevention
Atopic dermatitis often occurs in early childhood. The main reason for its occurrence in children can be called aggravated heredity (mom or dad had allergic manifestations due to malnutrition, poisoning, metabolic disorders, and disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems). But the disease can also develop in adulthood.
An indication is atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis' primary symptom is intense itching. The skin, especially during the period of .lethargic flow. (remission). is dry and exfoliated. The skin of the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs is covered with flesh-colored shiny plates.
During the period of inactivity, only minimal manifestations of atopic dermatitis may be scaly spots or cracks in the area of adhesion to the earlobe. In addition, such signs may include hyperemia of the corners of the mouth ( cheilitis). an average cleft of the lower lip, as well as peeling and redness of the upper eyelids.
During the disease (depending on the characteristics of different age periods). three stages can be conditionally distinguished - infant, child, and adult.
Atopic dermatitis in children
Infant stage
The development of atopic dermatitis usually begins from the seventh to the eighth week of a child's life. Rashes appear mainly on the face and affect the skin of the cheeks and forehead. Gradually, changes appear on the extensor surface of the legs, and shoulders. and forearms. The skin of the buttocks and torso are most often affected.
Child stage
It begins after 18 months of age and continues through adolescence.
Atopic dermatitis in children in the early stages of this stage is represented by edematous red spots, prone to the formation of persistent lesions. As a result of scratching, the lesions become covered with crusts. Bangs are located mainly in the elbow and popliteal folds. on the hands, upper chest, and lateral regions of the neck. Over time, in most children, the skin is cleared of rashes, and only the popliteal folds and elbow folds remain affected.
Atopic dermatitis in adults
The adult stage of atopic dermatitis occurs during adolescence. The upper body, neck, forehead, skin around the mouth, and the flexor surface of the forearms and wrists are most often affected. In severe cases, the skin can be affected throughout the body.
Observations indicate the role of heredity in the transmission of symptoms of the disease from parents to children. So, from an allergic father, signs of atopic dermatitis in a child appear in 40-50% of cases. and from a mother - in 60-70%. If both parents are carriers of atopy. then the incidence of the disease in a child reaches 80%.
A certain number of children develop latent allergies
which manifest as atopic dermatitis at the age of 19-20 years. It is not an inherited disease. but a combination of genetic factors contributes to the formation of allergies in the body.
In the formation of the disease, the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance. The risk of developing atopic dermatitis increases due to non-compliance with the rational nutrition of pregnant women, and babies in the first months of life who are bottle-fed.
Therefore, in children in the first year of life, chicken eggs, cow's milk proteins, and cereals are common causes of the development of the disease.
The course is aggravated by the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis, due to uncontrolled intake of antibiotics and hormones. the presence of foci of chronic infection, allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis), congenital nephropathy, and parasites.
Common causes of atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic skin disorder that is often caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The most common environmental triggers are allergens, including pollution, dust mites, and pets.
These stimuli cause the immune system to overreact and produce inflammation. The most common hereditary factor is a mutation in the filagree gene that causes a decrease in the natural barrier function of the skin.
This makes the skin more susceptible to irritation and inflammation. Other environmental factors that can trigger atopic dermatitis include temperature extremes, sweat, stress, and certain chemicals.
Treatment Atopic dermatitis
The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis becomes sensitive to moisture due to its dryness and increased permeability. In this regard, the use of conventional grades of toilet soap is undesirable. It is advisable to use gentle soaps (such as Dove, Dial, Lowila, Baby, etc.).
Laundry detergent, even in small quantities remains on freshly washed clothes and linen. can also have an irritating effect. Therefore, some authors recommend using allergen-free laundry detergents (such as Tide Free). and frequent rinsing cycles. Clothes should not be too tight. In addition, it is undesirable to wear woolen products.
Sweat can irritate the patient's skin
so a frequent change of linen is necessary. The microclimate in the House also has a certain value for the Prevention of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the temperature and humidity of the air in the room should be. as comfortable as possible (constant temperature 20-24 degrees Celsius and humidity 45-55%).
Patients are also encouraged to swim. However, at the same time, it should be borne in mind that chlorine-containing compounds and other disinfectants used to disinfect the pool can cause skin irritation. Usually, to remove this effect, it is enough to take a light bath after class.
To eliminate dry skin in atopic dermatitis
it is necessary to use nourishing and emollient products, and they should be applied to the skin often enough to keep the skin smooth throughout the day. The skin should also be treated with nutrients. and emollients after bathing, and before walking in windy and cold weather - with protective creams and ointments.
Correction of concomitant diseases includes an examination. identification, and treatment of foci of chronic infection, and parasitic invasions. dysbacteriosis, restoration of cortical neurodynamics, and autonomic disorders.
Diet and atopic dermatitis
People with atopic dermatitis are more prone to malnutrition. This could aid in the condition's progression. Malnutrition may increase the likelihood of dermatitis and worsen the skin condition.
There are many ways to improve a person's diet and reduce the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. A proper diet can help reduce the amount of inflammation and irritation that can occur on the skin.
Some suggest that a high intake of sugar, processed foods, and food additives may be related to the development of the condition.
There is evidence that a low-fat Mediterranean-style diet can be beneficial in the management of Alzheimer's disease. and some patients also find relief from dietary restrictions that include dairy products, eggs, and wheat. However, it is still unclear which specific foods or nutrients are responsible for the condition.
Home remedies for atopic dermatitis
Home remedies for atopic dermatitis can be a great way to relieve symptoms. There are a variety of treatments that can be tried, and the best one for each person will depend on their specific situation.
Some of the most common home remedies for atopic dermatitis include: warm baths: taking a bath filled with warm water can help relieve itching and inflammation. Soothing herbs: some herbs, such as lavender, can help soothe and soothe the skin.
Some people find that diets with high antioxidant content work well. Others find that taking over-the-counter supplements such as omega-3 or probiotics helps.
Stopping atopic dermatitis
The prognosis of the course of atopic dermatitis and the patient's quality of life largely depends on the reliable knowledge he received about the causes of the development of rashes and itching. the careful implementation of all the doctor's recommendations, and Prevention.
The main directions for the Prevention of atopic dermatitis are adherence to the diet. especially for pregnant and lactating mothers. and breastfeeding children. Particular attention should be paid to reducing exposure to inhaled allergens. minimizing exposure to chemicals at home. preventing colds and Infectious Diseases, and prescribing conditional antibiotics. With phased anti-relapse therapy. sanatorium treatment is recommended in Crimea. on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Mediterranean Sea.
Solar radiation and atopic dermatitis
Sunlight can aggravate atopic dermatitis by provoking an inflammatory response. In fact, sunlight is the most common cause of atopic dermatitis. People with atopic dermatitis are more likely to get sunburn.
so taking precautions. such as using sunscreen. and avoiding sunlight during peak hours can help prevent seizures.
Sunlight also interacts with other factors that can aggravate atopic dermatitides, such as heredity and lifestyle choices.
Bathing and atopic dermatitis
There is a great connection between bathing and atopic dermatitis. When the skin gets wet, the skin responds by producing an increased amount of sweat hormone. which, in turn. provokes the production of sebum and other factors contributing to the development of atopic dermatitis. By keeping your skin clean and dry, you can help reduce the chances of developing this skin condition.
A person with atopic dermatitis should avoid swimming, bathing, and sweating in hot weather. If a person with atopic dermatitis cannot avoid such activities. he should take measures to reduce his exposure to moisture, such as using sunscreen or a hat.
Medications and atopic dermatitis
Medications are important in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. They help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. There are many different types of medications available, and each of them works differently to treat different aspects of the condition.
Some drugs are available without a prescription. whereas some need a doctor's prescription.
A large range of research has been conducted on medicines and atopic dermatitis. Although no one answer suits every patient. many treatments are effective.
Several different drugs are effective, including topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and calcipotriene. and hydrocortisone. Some patients may need to try several different medications before finding the one that is best for them.
Tips
While atopic dermatitis is a common skin condition, it can be difficult to determine the best way to deal with it. Although there is no single right way to manage the disease. following a few simple guidelines can help reduce your discomfort and improve your quality of life.
The following tips may help: keep your skin clean and dry. Washing with soap and water is the best way to prevent bacteria from accumulating. and causing skin irritation. And avoid known allergens.